Heart Information

High Blood Pressure

2026/02/04
What is high blood pressure?

High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the force of blood against your artery walls is consistently too high. This condition can damage your arteries over time and lead to serious complications such as heart attack and stroke.

Often referred to as a "silent killer," high blood pressure typically does not have any noticeable symptoms, making it difficult to detect without regular checkups. Thus, regular monitoring of one’s blood pressure numbers is important.

What are the symptoms?
High blood pressure usually does not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often undiagnosed. However, in cases of hypertensive crisis (180/120 mmHg or higher), symptoms may include headaches, heart palpitations, or nosebleeds.
What causes high blood pressure?

High blood pressure can be caused by a variety of factors that are either controllable or beyond one’s control.

Factors you can control:
  • Diet
  • Lack of exercise
  • Smoking
Factors you cannot control:
  • Family history
  • Race/ethnicity
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Existing chronic conditions like diabetes and kidney disease
How to measure your blood pressure?
What are the treatments?

1. Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes involve adopting healthier habits, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, limiting of alcohol consumption, quitting smoking and most importantly, reducing sodium intake.

With consistent lifestyle changes, individuals can expect improved blood pressure levels and overall improvement in quality of life.

2. Medications

You will be prescribed a combination of drugs to manage high blood pressure. Common classes of anti-hypertensive drugs include:

  • ACE inhibitors or ARBs  (eg. lisinopril, candesartan)
  • Beta-blockers (eg. atenolol, bisoprolol)
  • Calcium channel blockers (eg. amlodipine, nifedipine)
  • Diuretics (eg. hydrochlorothiazide)
  • Mineralocorticoid antagonists (eg. spironolactone)
  • Alpha-blockers (eg. hydralazine)

Home care: Most people take multiple medications daily. Do note to take your medications on time and track any side effects. Please contact your care team if you experience new or severe side effects, or if your blood pressure does not improve.

3. Renal Denervation (RDN) Procedure

The RDN procedure is an alternative, minimally invasive approach to help reduce high blood pressure, in addition to existing treatment methods such as medications or lifestyle changes. Your body controls blood pressure in many ways. Your heart, blood vessels and kidneys all play crucial roles in this process.

In some people, the nerves connected to the kidneys experience excessive activity, which interrupts the natural process of blood pressure control, leading to higher blood pressure. RDN is a minimally invasive procedure that uses radiofrequency waves to disrupt the overactive sympathetic nerves connecting the brain and kidneys. By interrupting their signals, RDN can help lower blood pressure in some patients.

The RDN procedure provides an alternative treatment option for people with uncontrolled high blood pressure, regardless of the number of medications they have tried or when they were diagnosed.

Eligibility for RDN Procedure:

  • Taking multiple blood pressure medications
  • Diagnosed years ago
  • Severe high blood pressure

What are the potential benefits?

The RDN procedure reduces high blood pressure, which is shown to lower the risk of serious health conditions.

Reducing your blood pressure by 10 mmHg can lower your risk of:

  • Cardiovascular events by 20%
  • Heart failure by 28%
  • Stroke by 20%

What are the possible risks/complications?

The Renal Denervation (RDN) procedure, just like any medical procedure, has some risks. However, clinical studies show that these risks and side effects are rare.

The safety and effectiveness of this blood pressure procedure have not been evaluated in patients who are pregnant, nursing young babies, or those below the ages of 18 years old.

Careful consideration should be given to use of this RDN procedure in patients with aortic grafts or who have received a renal stent in the last three months.

If you have an implantable pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD), your doctor will need to take precautions prior to your procedure, as these devices can be adversely affected by the radiofrequencies used during the procedure. Your doctor will discuss the necessary steps that need to be taken with your pacemaker or ICD before undergoing the RDN procedure.

 

 

 

 

 

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